Ruff bird, scientific name Calidris pugnax, is notable for zoological, unusual court plumage and behavior of the sandpiper’s Old World bird subfamily Calidritini (Family Scolopacidae, order charadiforms). The ruff is a medium-sized wading bird. It has a long neck, a short head, a rather short little droopy bill and a medium long orange or reddish legs.
Ruff Bird Breed
The name applies to raff species or may apply only to males. Male rooftop sandpipers come in three variants, each with its own bizarre accompaniment technique thanks to a supergene created 3.8 million years ago. You will find most rough faces are fairly straight-faced warders with long necks and short heads. The birthing birds are pale-brown on all sides, with pale brown.
Ruff (Calidris pugnax) is a medium-sized wading bird that breeds in wetlands and wet grasslands throughout northern Eurasia. This highly vegetable sandpiper emits, and sometimes makes, a great winter shake, which includes southern and western Europe, Africa, South Asia, and Australia.
The ruff is a long-necked, pit-bellied bird. This species shows marked sexual deception; The male is much larger than the wife (reeve), and has a reproductive plumage containing brightly colored head tufts, empty orange facial skin, large collars on the nipples and ornamental feathers that inspire the English name of this bird. Female and non-reproductive males have gray-brown upper part and mainly white under-part.
Three individually plumped types of males, a rare variant that mimics a wife, adopts a variety of techniques to get a leaky mating, and feathers of the head and neck are made as part of a wider main court display.
The female has one brood per year and lays four eggs in a well-hidden land nest, disperses the egg and nourishes the rats, which are mobile immediately after hatching, and larger predators such as mammals and birds, such as foxes, feral cats, and storms, are found in herds of predatory birds. , Corvid and Squa are included.
Ruff bird forage in wet grassland and soft mud, searching for or searching for edible items. It is mainly fed by insects, especially during the breeding season, but it will consume the plant material, including rice and corn, in the winter and in the winter.
Classified as the “minimum concern” in the IUCN Red List criteria, global conservation concerns are relatively low, with Scandinavia and the Ark breeding in large numbers. However, in most regions of Europe, there is agreement on land extraction, increasing fertilizer use, reducing dewy or burnt breeding sites, and over-hunting.
Description
The ruff has the appearance of a small head, a medium-length bill, a long neck, and a distinct gravy boat on the carcass. It has long legs that vary in color but is usually yellow or orange.
In-flight, it strokes deeper, slower wings than other wards of the same size, and exhibits a thin, arbitrary white bar on the wings and a white ovary on the tail.
This breed shows sexual secretion. Although only a small percentage of males are similar to females, the typical males are much larger than females and have broad breeding plumage. It weighs 54-60 cm (21-24 inches) in length, 29-232 cm (11-13 inches), and weighs about 180 grams (6.3 oz).
During the May-June reproductive season, the skin of the male’s normal legs, bills, and dirty mouth is orange, and he has a distinct taste of the head and neck. These ornaments vary on individual birds, whether black, chestnut, or white, colored tough, barrier, or irregular.
The gray-brown color has a scale-like pattern on the back, often black or chestnut feathers, and the underparts are white with broad black over the nipples.
Originally, the final variability of breeding plumage was thought to have evolved to provide distinct recognition of a species that exhibits communal breeding but is generally muted.
Outside of the breeding season, usually, the head and neck pulp of the male and the skin of the empty face is washed away, and the foot and bill lighten. The upperparts are gray-brown and the under-parts are white and gray mottling with breasts and arrows.
The female, or “reeve”, is 22-26 cm (8.7-1010 inches) long with a wingspan of 46-24 cm (18-9 inches) and weighs about 110 grams (3.9 oz). In the breeding plumage, there is a white-gray, dark-centered feathery gray-brown upper.
The breasts and flanks are stained alternately with black. In winter, its feathers are like males but the sexes differ in size. Adolescent raff’s plumage is non-fertile as an adult but has a sharp, scale-like pattern with dark feather centers and a tight steam-tight upper with underparts.
Normal adult male ruff bird begins to mate in the original display plumage before returning to breeding areas, and the proportion of birds with head and neck pulp gradually increases in the spring.
Second-year birds lag behind adults in developing breeding plumage. Delayed molts are the main cause of body mass and slow weight gain compared to their full age, and the claims made on their fuel reserves during the migration flight.
There is an extra molten stage between the rough winter and final summer plumages of both sexes, which is also a case in the bar-laced Godavi. Men develop some of their winter plumage by striped feathers before developing a full-display finisher with colorful roughs and tufts. Women also develop a mix of winter and striped feathers before they reach their summer presence.
The final male breeding plumage results in both winter and striped feathers replacement, but the female retains the striped feather and reaches its summer height instead of the winter feather.
Stripe presumptuous plumages may represent the main reproductive presence of this species, with male ornamental nuptial feathers developing after the pressure of strong sexual selection.
Adult males and most adult females begin their pre-winter molt before returning to the South, but complete most feather replacements on a winter basis.
In Kenya, males ejaculate 3-5 weeks before wives, ending before December, where females usually complete feather transplants in December and early January.
Adolescents are immersed in winter water from their first summer body in September to November, and later the breeding season is similar to the time and duration of adulthood and often has a bright complexion.
The other two warders may be confused with Ruff. The teenage sharp-legged sandpiper is a little smaller than the teenage female raff and has rich orange-buff breasts, but the ruff bird has a longer neck and legs, a round head, and many straight-faced lim buff-breasted sandpiper, which looks more like a raw teen rapper than a female ruff bird. Significant with longer bills, more rotten bodies, and scaly-patterned upperparts
Distribution and accommodation
A white-collared satellite male and a brown-colored regional male appearing on each other. Two more men are in the background and one woman is in the foreground.
Rough is an immigrant species, breeding in wetlands in the cold regions of northern Eurasia, and spending the northern winter mainly in the tropics of Africa.
Some Siberian breeders travel 30,000 kilometers (19,000 miles) annually to winter destinations in West Africa, with a limited overlap of summer and winter ranges in western Europe.
The broad lowland breeds rough seawater and rough terrain on damp grassland. It avoids the areas badly affected by the barren tundra and severe weather, preferring the Hampi wetlands and delta with shallow water.
Wet zones provide food sources, ksbs and opals can be used for leaks, and dry zones have shade or low scrub nest sites. A Hungarian study found that moderately intensive grazing in the grasslands with multiple cows (2.5 acres) per hectare showed that more nests were built.
When not breeding, birds use a wide range of shallow wetlands such as irrigated fields, lake margins and mining power, and other floodplains.
Dry grasslands, aquatic mudflats, and beaches are less frequently used. Density can reach 129 people per square kilometer (334 per square mile), but is generally very low.
Ruff bird Breeding
During the breeding season, males exhibit a gap in the traditional open grass arena. Rough is one of the few leaking species where the display is primarily directed towards males other than wives, and it is in a small percentage of birds where males are recognized and inherited differences in plumage and mating behavior.
There are three male forms: common region males, satellite males with a white neckpiece, and a very rare form of plumbing for females. The behavior and appearance of the individual is fixed in his adult life and is determined by his genes
Regional males, about 5% of the total, are occupied by black or chestnut-colored pigments and small mating areas as a stake. They actively display superior aggression toward female courts and other residential men; The 8-2 regional males each have a region of the lake covering about 1 meter (1.1 yd), usually with empty soil in the middle.
They perform a wide range of displays that include wings, jumps, standing upright, crutches with rough edges, or swelling with rivals. They are usually silent when displaying, although occasionally soft goo-goo-goo may be given.
Home and Survival
A carrion crow is harvesting a small food item from the short grass. This species will attack the wolf’s nest for eggs and eggs.
The carrion crow will attack the nesting grounds of the eggs and the swamp for the baby.
The nest is a shallow soil scrap lined with grass leaves and stalks that are hidden in marsh trees or tall grass up to 400 meters (440 AD) from the leak.
Nesting solitude, although several women may live in the general vicinity of a lake. Eggs are somewhat shiny, marked as green or olive, and dark spots; These are based on latitude, from mid-March to early June.
The common clutch is four eggs, each egg in the size of 5 mm 9 mm (7.7 in by 1.2 in) and weighing 27.5 g (7.7474 oz) of which 5% is the shell. The incubation is by the female alone, and the incubation period is 20-23 days, with an additional 25-28 days to escape.
The bark and chestnut of the pre-eminent rods are at the bottom, lined with black and banned, and perforated with white; They feed themselves on a variety of small invertebrates but are brooded by the girls. Every year a brood is raised.
Roughs often show a pronounced disparity in the number of each sex. A study conducted on Finland teenagers found that only 34% were male and 1% were feeders.
It can be seen that females produce a large proportion of males at the egg stage when they are in poor physical condition. When women are in a better position, any bias in the sex ratio is small or absent.
Compliance
The ruff bird usually feeds using constant walking and annoying actions, selects food items by sight but sinks deeper and sinks its head.
In the saline lakes of East Africa, it often swims like foliage and picks up items off the surface. It will be consumed at night as well as during the day. It is thought that Ruff bird uses both visual and auditory gestures to find the victim.
During feeding, the reef frequently raises its rear feathers, producing a loose point peak at the back; This practice is simply shared by the black-legged goddess.
Predators
Wards breeding in wet grassland include birds such as large gulls, common crows, carrion and hood crows, and the magnificent and Arctic squash; The fox is occasionally taken to the warder and the impact of the cat and stout on the animal is unknown.
Overgrazing nests can increase predation by making them easier to find. In captivity, the leading causes of dog death are stress-related sudden death and twitching wound syndrome.
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Compliance
The ruff bird usually feeds using constant walking and annoying actions, selects food items by sight but sinks deeper and sinks its head. In the saline lakes of East Africa, it often swims like foliage and picks up items off the surface.
It will be consumed at night as well as during the day. It is thought that Ruff bird uses both visual and auditory gestures to find the victim.
During feeding, the reef frequently raises its rear feathers, producing a loose point peak at the back; This practice is simply shared by the black-legged goddess.
Just before the emigration, the Ruff bird grows at about 1% of its physical length, much slower than the descent of the bar-tailed deities of Alaska, which is four times grosser than this rate.
This is thought to be because Godbyte cannot use refueling zones to feed on its trans-Pacific flight, while on the other hand, Ruff bird can make regular stops and be able to receive food during migration overland.
For the same reason, Ruff does not physically shrink his digestive organs to reduce body weight before being transferred to the opposite of divinity.
