Rainbow Budgie Bird Facts: Profile, Traits, Color, Feeding, Care

Rainbow Budgie

What are some of the interesting facts about Rainbow Budgie Bird? The breathtaking beauty of a rainbow spangle budgie is a testament to the mesmerizing amalgamation of traits that grace its delicate plumage. With a foundation of blue-based hues, adorned with the opaline effect that lends an ethereal quality, the bird further captivates with its distinct clearing and a yellow surface mutation. This avian masterpiece, characterized by a symphony of colors, turns heads and captures hearts. A mere glimpse of this avian wonder is enough to leave an indelible mark on anyone fortunate enough to encounter its vibrant presence. This article will discuss interesting facts about Rainbow Budgie Birds, including profile, history, lifespan, habitat, breeding, plumage, range, diet, and more. Keep reading.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Facts: Profile, Traits, Color, Feeding, Care

The Rainbow Budgie Bird emerges as a breathtaking fusion of color, form, and functionality, captivating the beholder with its unique blend of grace and vibrancy. Each detail, from the nuanced hues adorning its limbs to the profound gaze of its eyes and the chromatic symphony of its adult characteristics, contributes to the allure of this avian masterpiece, leaving an indelible mark on the canvas of nature’s creations. Here we go with some of the interesting facts about Rainbow Budgie Bird:

Rainbow Budgie Bird Overview

The ethereal allure of the Rainbow Budgie Bird transcends the spectrum with a mesmerizing array of colors, a palette masterfully painted by nature’s genetic artistry. This avian spectacle encompasses the divine hues of blue, opaline, clearing, and the radiant glow of yellow adorning its feathered canvas. These transformations, akin to nature’s kaleidoscope, weave a tapestry of iridescence that captivates onlookers and stands as a testament to the exquisite complexity of avian genetics.

Delving into the enchanting world of the Rainbow Budgie Bird, a captivating avian species renowned for its resplendent plumage and vibrant hues, one cannot help but marvel at the intricate details that define its physical characteristics. From the tip of its sleek beak to the end of its feathery tail, each aspect exudes a kaleidoscope of colors, offering a visual symphony that captures the imagination.

The Allure of Budgies: Parrots with a Charismatic Persona

Budgies, or parakeets, stand as charismatic avian companions, celebrated for their endearing qualities that make them immensely popular pets. These diminutive parrots, despite their modest size, possess an innate ability to bring joy and cheer into the lives of their human caretakers. Renowned for their friendly demeanor, these avian companions are notably easy to care for, adding to their appeal. Despite the occasional challenge in deciphering their nuanced communication, budgies showcase a remarkable talent for mimicking speech, adding an amusing and engaging dimension to their already charming personalities.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Plumage

The mesmerizing plumage of the Rainbow Budgie Bird is an intricate tapestry of vivid colors that captivates the beholder’s gaze. The feathers are a brilliant amalgamation of azure blues, emerald greens, fiery reds, and sunny yellows, creating a kaleidoscopic display that seems almost otherworldly. Each feather is delicately adorned with a subtle iridescence, reflecting the play of light in a dazzling array of hues. The plumage, meticulously evolved over generations, serves not only as a visual spectacle but also plays a crucial role in the bird’s social interactions, with color variations communicating messages of vitality, courtship, and territoriality.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Baby

The newborn Rainbow Budgie Bird, a miniature marvel of nature, emerges into the world with a delicate fuzz that barely hints at the vibrant plumage it will later adorn. Its initial downy covering serves as a protective layer, providing insulation against the elements. As the fledgling matures, the downy fluff is gradually replaced by the distinctive, resplendent feathers characteristic of the species. The baby budgie’s early days are marked by a period of rapid growth, during which it is nurtured by attentive parents who tirelessly cater to its needs, ensuring a seamless transition from hatchling to a fully-fledged member of the radiant Rainbow Budgie community.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Communication

In the vibrant tapestry of avian interactions, the Rainbow Budgie Bird stands out as a maestro of communication. Their chirps resonate with a kaleidoscope of tones, each carrying its unique message. The melodious cadence of their calls ranges from a soft, rhythmic murmur to an exuberant symphony, painting the air with the hues of their vocal expressions. Not merely confined to mundane exchanges, these feathered virtuosos employ a diverse repertoire of sounds to convey emotions, intentions, and even the subtleties of their social dynamics. The complexity of their communication, akin to a linguistic ballet, unveils a rich tapestry of interconnected meanings within their avian society.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Habitat

Nestled within the verdant embrace of their native Australia, the Rainbow Budgie Bird finds solace in a habitat as diverse as the colors adorning its plumage. From arid expanses to the lush foliage of eucalyptus groves, these adaptable avians have carved their niche in a myriad of landscapes. The eucalyptus, with its towering limbs and fragrant leaves, serves as both a sanctuary and pantry for these birds. The vastness of the Australian sky becomes their canvas for aerial ballets, illustrating their seamless integration with the dynamic ecosystems they inhabit. Amidst the rustle of leaves and the whisper of the wind, the Rainbow Budgie Bird thrives in a habitat that mirrors the vibrancy of its existence.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Size, Lifespan, and Reproduction

In the realm of avian dimensions, the Rainbow Budgie Bird emerges as a diminutive yet captivating figure. Standing at a modest height of approximately 18 to 20 cm from head to tail tip, these petite parrots defy their size with a dazzling display of colors. Their lifespan, a temporal tapestry, unfolds over an average of 5 to 10 years when under the care of attentive human companions. Birth, a spectacle in itself, follows the ritual of egg-laying, with each nest bearing the promise of life in the form of 4 to 5 eggs. This delicate dance of reproduction encapsulates the essence of continuity in the kaleidoscopic world of the Rainbow Budgie Bird.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Flight

Embarking on a journey through the boundless azure, the Rainbow Budgie Bird unveils its prowess in flight—a spectacle of grace and agility. With wings spanning a symphony of colors, their aerial maneuvers paint the sky with vibrant strokes. The effortless glide and nimble twists showcase a mastery of the aerial realm, as these birds navigate the atmospheric canvas with finesse. Akin to ethereal dancers, they carve arcs and loops, a living manifestation of avian elegance. With each beat of its wings, the Rainbow Budgie Bird not only defies gravity but also exemplifies the harmonious fusion of form and function in the realm of avian flight.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Adaptations

The Rainbow Budgie Bird, a testament to the wonders of adaptation, has evolved an array of remarkable features enabling it to thrive in diverse environments. Its beak, finely tuned through generations of natural selection, is a versatile tool adapted for cracking seeds, extracting nectar from flowers, and even adept at manipulating objects. The bird’s feet are designed with a zygodactyl arrangement, providing a strong grip for perching and facilitating agile movement. The Rainbow Budgie’s adaptive prowess extends to its respiratory system, enabling efficient oxygen exchange during both sedentary moments and energetic flights, a testament to the intricacies of evolutionary fine-tuning.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Migration

Intriguingly, the Rainbow Budgie Bird partakes in seasonal migrations that span vast distances, showcasing its innate navigational prowess. These journeys, marked by synchronized flights and communal rest stops, are a spectacle of avian coordination. During migration, the birds rely on a combination of celestial cues, Earth’s magnetic field, and environmental landmarks to chart their course across expansive territories. This remarkable migratory behavior not only enables the Rainbow Budgie to access varied food sources but also serves as a means of escaping adverse weather conditions. Migration stands as a testament to the bird’s resilience and adaptability, a cyclic odyssey woven into the very fabric of its existence.

Body Color

The resplendent Rainbow Budgie Bird stands as an avian testament to the sheer grandeur of nature’s palette, adorning itself with a spectacular array of hues that transcend mere visual beauty. The canvas of its body becomes a celestial spectacle, boasting ethereal shades reminiscent of the vast expanse of the sky – a mesmerizing amalgamation of Sky, Cobalt, or Mauve Blue, each hue subdued to a nuanced brilliance, reduced by no more than 10%. This reduction, seemingly insignificant, transforms the avian form into a subtle yet captivating allure, inviting observers into a realm of mystique woven into the very fabric of its plumage.

Signs of Head, Bearing Wings, and Neck Spots

As the Rainbow Budgie Bird unfolds its wings in a majestic display, the head emerges as a focal point of unwavering fascination, a captivating tableau of white to medium gray nuances. These subtle gradations seamlessly intertwine, forming intricate patterns that whisper tales of enigmatic elegance, reminiscent of an artistic masterpiece. The neck spots, akin to celestial freckles scattered across the canvas of the bird’s being, add a touch of celestial charm, completing the narrative of a creature whose very presence is nothing short of a celestial marvel, a living ode to avian grace.

Limbs and Their Chromatic Palette

In the mesmerizing realm of the Rainbow Budgie Bird, the limbs take on a role akin to that of an artist’s canvas, splashed with an arresting dichotomy of blue and gray. These two hues, like dancers in a ballet of color, intertwine and ripple across the legs, creating a spectacle of visual poetry that captivates the onlooker. The harmonious balance achieved in this chromatic ballet is nothing short of a symphony, each feathered appendage is a stroke in nature’s masterpiece. With meticulous attention to detail, these limbs embody avian grace, a testament to the intricacies and aesthetic finesse that nature has lavished upon this exquisite creature.

Wings

The wings of the Rainbow Budgie Bird unfold like a vibrant tapestry, each feather a stroke of living color. A symphony of blues, opaline sheens, and the gentle hues of clearing collaboratively grace the wings, turning them into an airborne masterpiece. The fluttering of these wings narrates a silent saga of freedom and grace, as the bird dances through the air, leaving behind a trail of chromatic splendor. In flight, the Rainbow Budgie becomes a living embodiment of the boundless beauty woven into its very plumage.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Care

To nurture the brilliance of the Rainbow Budgie, meticulous care becomes an art form. Its kaleidoscopic coat demands a delicate touch and a keen understanding of its nuanced needs. From a nutritionally balanced diet that enhances the vibrancy of its feathers to a habitat that mirrors its natural inclinations, the caretaker of this avian marvel takes on the role of a custodian of living art. Regular health check-ups, an enriched environment, and companionship become essential facets in the mosaic of its well-being.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Traits

In the kaleidoscopic realm of avian wonders, the Rainbow Budgie Bird stands out as a feathered marvel, resplendent in a riot of colors that could rival a painter’s palette. Its feathers are a vibrant tapestry, weaving together hues that span the spectrum from the deepest indigo to the sunniest yellow. With a plume resembling a living rainbow, the Rainbow Budgie Bird is a dazzling spectacle, a testament to the captivating diversity of the avian kingdom.

This avian jewel is not merely a visual treat; it boasts a charismatic personality that can rival its vibrant plumage. The Rainbow Budgie Bird is renowned for its sociable nature, forming strong bonds with its human companions. Its inquisitive gaze, framed by distinctive markings around its eyes, speaks volumes about its intelligence and curiosity. These birds are often observed engaging in playful antics, showcasing an endearing blend of energy and charm.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Mating

In the delicate dance of courtship, the Rainbow Budgie Bird reveals a fascinating display of rituals that underscore its commitment to companionship. Mating for life, these birds engage in elaborate courtship routines, involving synchronized movements and melodious serenades. The male, with an ardent desire to impress, showcases his vibrant plumage in a breathtaking display. The female, discerning and selective, evaluates the suitor’s performance with a discerning eye, ensuring a harmonious partnership.

The breeding season unfolds with an intricate choreography of nest-building, a shared endeavor that solidifies the bond between mates. As the female diligently tends to her clutch of eggs, the male assumes the role of a vigilant guardian, standing watch with unwavering dedication. This monogamous commitment paints a poignant picture of fidelity within the avian realm, elevating the Rainbow Budgie Bird’s mating habits to a tale of enduring love.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Diet

Beyond its captivating appearance and romantic dalliances, the Rainbow Budgie Bird adheres to a carefully curated diet that sustains its vitality and radiant plumage. A diverse assortment of seeds, fruits, and leafy greens constitutes the nutritional palette for these avian connoisseurs. Sunflower seeds provide essential fats, while the sweetness of ripe fruits adds a delectable dimension to their culinary preferences.

In captivity, the discerning caretaker must meticulously craft a diet that mirrors the bird’s natural proclivities. Supplemented with nutrient-rich pellets, the Rainbow Budgie Bird’s diet becomes a nuanced symphony of flavors, catering to both its nutritional needs and gustatory preferences. This dietary diversity not only ensures the bird’s physical well-being but also contributes to the vibrancy of its plumage, enhancing the spectacle of its radiant presence.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Health

The well-being of the Rainbow Budgie Bird is a testament to the intricate interplay of various factors, ranging from nutrition to environmental conditions. Regular veterinary check-ups are imperative to monitor the bird’s health, with a focus on detecting any potential ailments early on. Feather health is a key indicator, reflecting the bird’s overall condition; any deviation from the norm warrants scrutiny.

Maintaining an environment conducive to mental stimulation is equally vital. Enriching the bird’s surroundings with toys, perches, and interactive elements ensures both physical and mental exercise, preventing boredom-related issues. Adequate hygiene, with a focus on cleanliness in the living space and food containers, is paramount to safeguard the Rainbow Budgie Bird against potential health hazards.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Foraging Behavior

In the enchanting realm of avian intricacies, the Rainbow Budgie Bird stands out as a mesmerizing creature with a foraging behavior that unveils a ballet of nature’s exquisite choreography. With a delicate agility that belies its size, the Rainbow Budgie employs a myriad of movements to glean sustenance from its surroundings. Its slender, vibrantly hued beak delicately probes every nook and cranny, deftly extracting seeds and tiny insects as if engaged in an intricate dance with the flora.

The foraging repertoire of this avian marvel extends beyond mere sustenance-seeking. The Rainbow Budgie’s methodical exploration of its environment transforms the act of feeding into a captivating display of acrobatics. The bird’s wings flutter with grace, and its dainty claws cling effortlessly to branches, enhancing the visual spectacle of its foraging endeavors. The arboreal ballet of the Rainbow Budgie, painted against a backdrop of lush foliage, epitomizes the harmonious coexistence of beauty and survival in the natural world.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Facts: Profile, Traits, Color, Feeding, Care

Rainbow Budgie Bird Juvenile

In the early stages of life, the Rainbow Budgie Bird undergoes a captivating metamorphosis from a fledgling into a resplendent creature, marked by the vibrancy of its plumage and the innocence of its youth. The juvenile phase of this avian marvel is a kaleidoscope of hues, with downy feathers showcasing a softer palette that gradually evolves into the striking colors characteristic of its mature plumage.

As the Rainbow Budgie Bird transitions through its juvenile phase, it navigates the world with a sense of curiosity and wonder. Its behaviors are marked by a charming blend of inquisitiveness and naivety, as it learns to navigate its environment and establish its place within the intricate social dynamics of its avian community. The juvenile Rainbow Budgie embodies the promise of future brilliance, a living canvas awaiting the strokes of nature’s transformative artistry.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Range

The geographical tapestry over which the Rainbow Budgie Bird unfurls its wings is as diverse and expansive as the hues that adorn its plumage. This avian marvel boasts a range that spans a mosaic of ecosystems, from the sun-drenched savannas to the verdant canopies of tropical rainforests. Its adaptability to various habitats showcases the resilience and versatility inherent in its avian essence.

The Rainbow Budgie’s range becomes a living testament to the interconnectedness of ecosystems, as it gracefully flits between landscapes, contributing to the ecological symphony through pollination and seed dispersal. The dynamic range of the Rainbow Budgie is not merely a geographic expanse but a testament to the profound role it plays in maintaining the delicate balance of biodiversity across diverse terrains.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Call

In the auditory tapestry of nature, the Rainbow Budgie Bird weaves its melodious thread through its captivating calls. The bird’s vocal repertoire is a symphony of trills, chirps, and melodic notes that resonate through the air, creating a distinctive soundtrack to its existence. Each call serves a purpose, whether it be a declaration of territory, a beckoning to potential mates, or an expression of contentment.

The Rainbow Budgie’s calls are not mere vocalizations; they are an intricate language, a nuanced communication that transcends the barriers of human understanding. The cadence and pitch of its calls convey a spectrum of emotions, from the exuberance of flight to the subtleties of courtship rituals. In the world of the Rainbow Budgie, every call is a brushstroke on the canvas of avian expression, an art form that adds layers of complexity to the rich tapestry of its existence.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Male

In the realm of avian splendor, the Rainbow Budgie Bird Male stands as a dazzling testament to the kaleidoscope of nature’s artistry. Adorned in a myriad of hues, this avian spectacle is a symphony of colors, a living palette that captivates onlookers with its ethereal brilliance. His plumage, an intricate tapestry, weaves together the rich pigments of emerald green, sapphire blue, fiery red, and golden yellow. Each feather seems to tell a story, reflecting the vibrant mosaic of the ecosystems it inhabits.

The celestial dance of sunlight upon his resplendent feathers produces an awe-inspiring display as if the heavens themselves have bestowed their radiance upon this avian marvel. The male Rainbow Budgie Bird’s allure extends beyond the visual, as his melodious song resonates through the air, a harmonious cadence that echoes through the foliage, enriching the ambiance of his habitat.

With a regal demeanor, the Rainbow Budgie Bird Male becomes a symbol of avian grandeur, a creature that embodies the ceaseless wonders of biodiversity. His existence is a testament to the delicate balance of ecosystems and the enchanting diversity that graces the natural world.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Female

In the enchanting world of avifauna, the Rainbow Budgie Bird Female emerges as a study in refined elegance and subtle charm. While not as ostentatiously adorned as her male counterpart, her plumage possesses a delicate beauty that weaves a narrative of understated sophistication. Cloaked in muted pastels, she exudes an air of grace that speaks to the subtleties of nature’s artistic palette.

Her feathers, though lacking the flamboyant hues of the male, bear a soft palette of lavender, pale blue, and gentle pink, creating a composition that is a testament to the nuanced aesthetics of the avian kingdom. The female Rainbow Budgie Bird’s demeanor is one of quiet strength, her gaze reflecting wisdom acquired through the intricate dance of survival in the natural tapestry.

In the symphony of the avian world, her song resonates with a nuanced melody, a gentle lullaby that intertwines with the rustling leaves and babbling brooks. The female Rainbow Budgie Bird, though often overshadowed by the flamboyance of her male counterpart, plays an indispensable role in the delicate equilibrium of nature, adding her subtleties to the grand composition of life.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Eggs

In the heart of a luxuriant avian sanctuary, where emerald leaves fluttered in the gentle zephyrs, a pair of Rainbow Budgies embarked on the delicate artistry of parenthood. The ethereal canvas of their existence unfolded with the enigmatic allure of nature’s most vivid palette. As the female meticulously sculpted a nest, crafting it with an instinctual finesse, she laid a clutch of exquisite eggs. Each egg, a masterpiece of pigmented marvels, bore the promise of a mesmerizing avian symphony.

Amidst the verdant foliage, the eggs, adorned with a kaleidoscopic array of hues, refracted the dappled sunlight into a dance of prismatic brilliance. The anticipation hung palpably in the air as the iridescent orbs cradled the latent life within. Awaiting the magic of incubation, the eggs stood as beacons of nature’s artistry, a testament to the intricate wonders woven into the very fabric of existence.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Nest

The nest, a meticulous tapestry woven from fine twigs and soft fibers, embraced the eggs like a fragile treasure cocooned in the heart of an arboreal sanctuary. The architectural finesse displayed in the construction spoke of avian craftsmanship at its zenith. The boughs and tendrils intertwined with the precision of a seasoned artisan, creating a cradle suspended between the emerald leaves—a sanctuary within a sanctuary.

As the Rainbow Budgies took turns guarding their precious enclave, the nest became a living testament to the resilience and dedication inherent in the avian realm. Its structure, a testament to the ingenuity of the avian architects, whispered tales of generations past and the perpetual cycle of life that continued to grace the verdant boughs.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Chick

With time, the eggs metamorphosed into fragile orbs of life. One by one, the delicate shells surrendered to the tenacious endeavors of the unborn. A chorus of tiny chirps resonated through the boughs as the chicks emerged, their plumage an astonishing manifestation of the parental spectrum. The chicks, a manifestation of genetic artistry, embarked on the journey of existence under the watchful gaze of their progenitors.

In the iridescent dawn, the chicks’ downy feathers bore the hues of celestial wonders, a vibrant tapestry that mirrored the boundless sky above. The parents, guardians of this avian progeny, fed them with tender care, fostering a symphony of life that reverberated through the sanctuary. The fledgling chicks embodied the continuum of existence, a link in the perennial chain of life, and an embodiment of the splendors inherent in nature’s cyclical dance.

Rainbow Budgie Bird Fledging

As the days unfolded, the once-vulnerable chicks grew into fledglings, their wings stretching in a vibrant celebration of life. The verdant sanctuary echoed with the fluttering of fledgling feathers as the Rainbow Budgies, mentors of the azure skies, imparted the wisdom of flight. The fledglings, with a cacophony of chirps and flutters, embraced the azure canvas with a grace that mirrored the very essence of freedom.

In this transcendent moment, the fledglings embodied the culmination of a miraculous journey—from the iridescent inception within fragile eggs to the liberated flight amidst the cerulean expanse. The Rainbow Budgie Bird Fledging, a testament to the intricate ballet of life, carried within its wings the narrative of resilience, growth, and the perpetual cycle of renewal that adorned the avian realm with perennial wonder.

Hatching

The genesis of the Rainbow Budgie unfolds in the delicate process of hatching, a moment of inception for a life adorned with a myriad of colors. The fragile egg, cradled in the nest, harbors the potential for a living kaleidoscope. As the hatching commences, the world welcomes a new avian entity, a testament to the intricate dance of genetics. The emergence of a budgie chick, with the promise of vibrant hues awaiting discovery, signifies the perpetuation of the captivating legacy of the Rainbow Budgie Bird.

Mesmerizing Gaze: Eyes and Their Maturation

The eyes of the Rainbow Budgie Bird are a bewitching portal into its very soul, a study in both contrast and sophistication. The profound black canvas that is the background sets the stage for a mature, white iris to unfold—an exquisite marriage of darkness and light that imparts an air of both wisdom and mystery. As the bird gracefully matures, the iris, akin to a storyteller, metamorphoses, chronicling the passage of time and the accumulation of experiences etched into the intricate tapestry of its avian existence. These eyes, with their evolving gaze, narrate a silent epic, unfolding with each flutter of the bird’s wings.

A Chromatic Symphony: Adult Semen Color

Venturing into the realm of adult characteristics, one is immediately ensnared by the awe-inspiring spectacle of the Rainbow Budgie Bird’s semen color. In the male counterpart, nature unveils a spectrum that ranges from a medium, almost cerulean blue to a profound, deep azure. This spectrum, a testament to the richness of nature’s palette, is a visual crescendo, harmonizing with the bird’s overall plumage. On the other side of this avian ballet, the females, in their breeding stages, become a canvas of transformation. Their plumage transitions from a delicate light blue, reminiscent of a cloud-kissed sky, to an ethereal white, like the whisper of snowfall—a captivating testament to the intricate choreography of reproductive processes within this avian marvel. Nature’s brushstrokes, in the form of these varying semen colors, weave a narrative of life, love, and continuity in the vibrant tapestry of the Rainbow Budgie Bird’s existence.

Cheek Patches

The cheek patches of the Rainbow Budgie Bird, a realm where opulence and coloration converge, present a sight so mesmerizing it defies description. Ranging from regal shades of medium to deep purple, these patches become a visual symphony of regality and refinement. The juxtaposition of these rich hues against the vibrant backdrop of its body elevates the bird’s aesthetic to the status of a veritable masterpiece in the intricate tapestry of the aviary. Each patch is a stroke of nature’s brush, a vivid stroke that enhances the avian portrait with unparalleled richness. Bird accessories on Amazon

Main Tail Feather

The crescendo of this avian spectacle reaches its zenith with the main tail feather – an extension of the bird’s persona that embodies a harmonious fusion of grace and subtlety. The interplay of gray with the underlying body color creates a visual symphony that unfolds with each graceful movement of the bird. This subtle yet profound integration of hues in the tail feather epitomizes the bird’s embodiment of grace, a poetic dance between the subdued tones and the vibrant palette. In this final flourish, the Rainbow Budgie Bird becomes not just a creature of plumage but a living embodiment of the delicate balance between understated elegance and flamboyant vibrancy.

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